Suspicious Δ8-THC products Analyzed by (DART-MS), Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS),(GC-MS), (HS-GC-MS), Microbiological Ana, and Microscopy.

Description:
Decriminalization and adult-use legalization of cannabis have led to an increase in cannabis and hemp products available to consumers. Recently sellers have synthesized Δ8Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from cannabidiol (CBD) to spray onto plant material to supplement natural THC concentrations. Due to the addition of these synthesized cannabinoids and a lack of regulation, cannabis and hemp products have been found to contain residual solvents and bacterial contamination and product labels do not match package contents. The aim of this research was to analyze products submitted by concerned consumers who reported adverse effects or questioned the product integrity. Samples were analyzed using untargeted DART-MS and GC-MS methods to determine cannabinoid profiles and unlabeled chemicals. Cannabinoid concentrations were quantitated using LC-MS/MS, residual solvents were determined using HS-GC-MS, and microbiologicals were evaluated by using a simple, commercially available testing kit. Microscopic analyses were also conducted. Untargeted analyses identified cannabidivarin, cannabicitran, Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin, CBD, Δ8-THC, Δ9-THC, cannabigerol, cannabinol, and Δ9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol. Samples contained up to 13.7% Δ8-THC. Methanol was identified. One sample was positive for yeast and bacteria. Untargeted methods identified cannabinoids common to natural cannabis and hemp material. LC-MS/MS method confirmed the cannabinoids found in the untargeted methods. Δ8-THC was quantitated above a concentration expected in natural cannabis plant material, suggesting post-growth manipulation. No residual solvents were identified above Maryland regulatory thresholds. One sample failed the microbiological threshold for acceptability. Unregulated products are a growing threat for consumers' health and is a concern for medical professionals, regulators, and legitimate cannabis companies. Funded by NIJ [2019-MU-MU-0007] & NIH [P30DA033934].